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DUKE’S
HANDBOOK OF
Medicinal
Plant
Bible
OF THE
James A. Duke
with
Peggy-Ann K. Duke
Judith L. duCellie
Boca Raton London New York
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10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-8493-8202-4 (Hardcover)
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Duke, James A., 1929-
Duke’s handbook of medicinal plants of the Bible / James A. Duke.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-8493-8202-4 (alk. paper)
1. Herbs in the Bible 2. Plants in the Bible. 3. Herbs--Therapeutic use. I. Title. II. Title: Handbook of
medicinal herbs of the Bible.
BS665.D85 2007
220.8’58163--dc22
2007020177
Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at
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and the CRC Press Web site at
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Contents
Acknowledgments ..........................................................................................................................
vii
Introduction .....................................................................................................................................
ix
Author ..............................................................................................................................................
xi
Bibliographic Abbreviations .......................................................................................................
xiii
Chemical and Medical Abbreviations ........................................................................................
xvii
Hushpuppy .....................................................................................................................................
xix
Format of This Book .....................................................................................................................
xxi
Catalog of “Faith-Based” Farmaceuticals .....................................................................................
1
Cilician Fir (
Abies cilicica
(Antoine & Kotschy) Carrière) ++ Abietaceae....................................... 1
Indian Gum Arabic Tree (
Acacia nilotica
(L.) Willd. ex Delile) ++ Fabaceae................................. 2
Talh (
Acacia seyal
Delile.) ++ Fabaceae ........................................................................................... 6
Biblical Acacia (
Acacia tortilis
ssp.
raddiana
(Savi) Brenan) ++ Fabaceae ..................................... 7
Corn Cockle (
Agrostemma githago
L.) + Caryophyllaceae .............................................................. 8
Hollyhock (
Alcea rosea
L.) + Malvaceae ........................................................................................ 11
Camel’s Thorn (
Alhagi maurorum
Medik
.
) ++ Fabaceae ............................................................... 13
Onion
(Allium cepa
L
.
) +++ Liliaceae............................................................................................. 16
Leek (
Allium porrum
L
.
) +++ Liliaceae.......................................................................................... 21
Garlic (
Allium sativum
L
.
) +++ Liliaceae ....................................................................................... 23
Aloe (
Aloe vera
(L.) Burm. f.) (Gel) ++ Aloeaceae (Liliaceae)....................................................... 30
Jointed Anabasis (
Anabasis articulata
(Forssk.) Moq.) + Chenopodiaceae ................................... 35
Rose-of-Jericho (
Anastatica hierochuntica
L
.
) ++ Brassicaceae .................................................... 36
Windower (
Anemone coronaria
L
.
) + Ranunculaceae.................................................................. 37
Dill (
Anethum graveolens
L
.
) ++ Apiaceae..................................................................................... 39
Mayweed (
Anthemis cotula
L
.
) + Asteraceae ................................................................................. 43
Agarwood (
Aquilaria malaccensis
Lam
.
) + Thymelaeaceae ..........................................................44
Horseradish (
Armoracia rusticana
P. Gaertn. et al.)++ Brassicaceae............................................. 47
White Wormwood (
Artemisia herba-alba
Asso) ++ Asteraceae .................................................... 50
Giant Reed (
Arundo donax
L
.
) + Poaceae....................................................................................... 52
Tragacanth Milkvetch (
Astragalus gummifer
Labill.) +++ Fabaceae ............................................. 55
Sea Orache (
Atriplex halimus
L.) + Chenopodiaceae ..................................................................... 57
Desert Date (
Balanites aegyptiacus
(L.) Delile.) ++ Balanitaceae ................................................. 58
Frankincense (
Boswellia sacra
Birdw.) ++ Burseraceae................................................................. 62
Black Mustard (
Brassica nigra
(L.) W. D. J. Koch ++ Brassicaceae............................................... 65
Boxwood (
Buxus sempervirens
L.) + Buxaceae .............................................................................. 69
Giant Milkweed (
Calotropis procera
(Willd.) Ait. X Asclepiadaceae............................................ 72
Caper Bush (
Capparis spinosa
L.) +++ Capparaceae ..................................................................... 76
Safower (
Carthamus tinctorius
L.) +++ Asteraceae ..................................................................... 80
Cedar of Lebanon (
Cedrus libani
A. Rich.) ++ Pinaceae................................................................ 84
Purple Star Thistle (
Centaurea calcitrapa
L
.)
+ + Asteraceae ....................................................... 86
Spanish Thistle (
Centaurea iberica
Spreng.) ++ Asteraceae .......................................................... 88
Syrian Scabious (
Cephalaria syriaca
(L.) Roem. & Schult.) + Dipsacaceae.................................. 89
Carob (
Ceratonia siliqua
L.) +++ Fabaceae (Caesalpiniaceae)....................................................... 90
Judas Tree (
Cercis siliquastrum
L.) ++ Fabaceae............................................................................ 93
Chickpea (
Cicer arietinum
L.) +++ Fabaceae ................................................................................. 94
Endive (
Cichorium endivia
L.) +++ Asteraceae.............................................................................. 97
Chicory (
Cichorium intybus
L.) +++ Asteraceae .......................................................................... 100
Cassia (
Cinnamomum aromaticum
Nees) +++ Lauraceae............................................................ 104
Cinnamon (
Cinnamomum verum
J. Presl) +++ Lauraceae ........................................................... 108
Ladanum (
Cistus creticus
L.) + Cistaceae ..................................................................................... 113
Colocynth (
Citrullus colocynthis
(L.) Schrad.) X Cucurbitaceae.................................................. 115
Water melon (
Citrullus lanatus
(Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai.) +++ Cucurbitaceae........................ 118
Citron (
Citrus medica
L.) ++ Rutaceae ......................................................................................... 121
African Myrrh (
Commiphora africana
(A. Rich.) Engl. ++ Burseraceae..................................... 126
Balm of Gilead (
Commiphora gileadensis
(L.) C. Chr.) + Burseraceae ....................................... 128
Abyssinian Myrrh (
Commiphora habessinica
(O. Berg) Engl.) + Burseraceae ............................ 130
Myrrh (
Commiphora myrrha
(Nees) Engl. and other spp.) ++ Burseraceae ................................. 131
Poison Hemlock (
Conium maculatum
L.) X Apiaceae.................................................................. 135
Coriander (
Coriandrum sativum
L.) ++ Apiaceae ........................................................................ 138
Saffron (
Crocus sativus
L.) ++ Iridaceae ...................................................................................... 143
Melon (
Cucumis melo
L.) +++ Cucurbitaceae............................................................................... 148
Cucumber
(Cucumis sativus
L.) ++ Cucurbitaceae ....................................................................... 151
Cumin (
Cuminum cyminum
L.) +++ Apiaceae ............................................................................. 155
Italian Cypress (
Cupressus sempervirens
L.) ++ Cupressaceae.................................................... 160
Tu r m e r ic (
Curcuma longa
L.) +++ Zingiberaceae ........................................................................ 162
Palmarosa (
Cymbopogon martini
(Roxb.) J.F. Watson) ++ Poaceae............................................. 168
Maltese Mushroom (
Cynomorium coccineum
L.) ++ Balanophoraceae....................................... 171
Papyrus (
Cyperus papyrus
L.) ++ Cyperaceae.............................................................................. 172
Ceylon Ebony (
Diospyros ebenum
Koenig.) + Ebenaceae ............................................................ 174
Coromandel (
Diospyros melanoxylon
Roxb.) + Ebenaceae .......................................................... 176
Russian Olive (
Elaeagnus angustifolia
L.) ++ Elaeagnaceae........................................................ 178
Rocket (
Eruca sativa
Mill.) ++ Brassicaceae ................................................................................ 181
Galbanum (
Ferula gummosa
Boiss.) + Apiaceae .......................................................................... 185
Fig (
Ficus carica
L.) ++ Moraceae................................................................................................ 187
Sycamore Fig (
Ficus sycomorus
L.) + Moraceae .......................................................................... 191
Manna (from
Fraxinus ornus
L.) ++ Oleaceae.............................................................................. 194
Levant Cotton (
Gossypium herbaceum
L.) + Malvaceae .............................................................. 197
Gundelia (
Gundelia tournefortii
L.) + Asteraceae ........................................................................ 201
English Ivy (
Hedera helix
L.) + Araliaceae................................................................................... 202
Barley (
Hordeum vulgare
L.) ++ Poaceae ..................................................................................... 205
Hyacinth (
Hyacinthus orientalis name
L.) + Liliaceae ................................................................. 210
Golden Henbane (
Hyoscyamus aureus
L.) X Solanaceae ............................................................. 212
Egyptian Henbane (
Hyoscyamus muticus
L.) X Solanaceae......................................................... 213
Yellow Flag (
Iris Pseudacorus L.
) + Iridaceae.............................................................................. 214
English Walnut (
Juglans regia
L.) ++ Juglandaceae ..................................................................... 216
Soft Rush (
Juncus effusus
L.) ++ Cyperaceae............................................................................... 221
Grecian Juniper (
Juniperus excelsa
M. Bieb) + Cupressaceae...................................................... 224
Cade Juniper
(Juniperus oxycedrus
L.) + Cupressaceae ............................................................... 226
Phoenician Juniper (
Juniperus phoenicia
L.) + Cupressaceae ...................................................... 228
Lettuce (
Lactuca sativa
L.) ++ Asteraceae ................................................................................... 229
Calabash Gourd (
Lagenaria siceraria
(Molina) Standl.) ++ Cucurbitaceae................................. 233
Bay (
Laurus nobilis
L.) ++ Lauraceae........................................................................................... 237
Henna (
Lawsonia inermis
L.) ++ Lythraceae................................................................................ 241
Lentil (
Lens culinaris
Medik) +++ Fabaceae................................................................................ 245
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