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Dynamics
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Autodesk® Maya® 2008
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Table of Contents
Table of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
1 About Dynamics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
About
Introduction to dynamics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
What you can do with Maya Dynamics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2 Particles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
About
Overview of particles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Particle objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Advanced particle topics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Control complex motion and forces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Emitters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Goals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Goals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Particle goals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Nonparticle goals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Multiple goals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Particle collisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Particle collisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Rendering particles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Rendering particles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Hardware rendered particles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Use the Particle Cloud shader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Particle Sampler Info node . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
How do I?
Create particles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Place particles on a surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Animate particles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Work with particle attributes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Edit particle attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Choose how particles render . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Use lights, reflections, refractions, and shadows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Set particle color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Set particle opacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Dynamics
3
Table of Contents
Set particle lifespan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Set attributes on a per particle basis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Set particle attributes with the Component Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Set particle attributes with a ramp texture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Instance geometry to particles (single and animated) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Instance strokes from Paint Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Deform particles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Work with advanced dynamics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Make an object move with a dynamic parent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Adjust frame-to-frame velocity conservation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Apply forces in an object’s local space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Control execution time of particle dynamics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Duplicate particle objects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Assign image sequences to sprites. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Export particle data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Work with emitters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Create emitters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Edit attributes of an emitter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Edit attributes of emitted particles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Duplicate emitters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Connect emitters and particles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Vary emission from different points of point emitters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Use a texture to color emission or scale the rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Tips for advanced users. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Work with emission randomness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Spread emission more evenly from NURBS surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Work with goals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Create goals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Edit goal attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Animate goal behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Create particle collisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Make particles collide with a surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Edit particle collision attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Dynamics
4
Table of Contents
Duplicate collision effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Emit, kill, or split particles upon contact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Render particles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Before rendering particles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Preview hardware particles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Render hardware particles at final production quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
View rendered hardware particles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Apply shadow casting to particles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Software rendered particles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Create raytraced shadows with particles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Set Particle Sampler Info node attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
Troubleshoot particles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
3 Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .135
About
Overview of fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
How do I?
Work with fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Create fields and connect objects to them . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Edit field attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Work with per-particle field attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Keep particles inside the volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Set field attributes with workspace manipulators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
Use manipulator icons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Duplicate fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Types of fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Work with air fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Work with drag fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Work with gravity fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Work with newton fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Work with radial fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
Work with turbulence fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
Work with uniform fields. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
Work with vortex fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
Work with volume axis fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
Dynamics
5
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